Approximate Weight of Architectural Flat Glass (GANA FGMD 01-0408)
Design professionals, wall system manufacturers, and construction managers often need the weight of materials for engineering and construction site considerations. The table within this document gives approximate weights of architectural flat glass by thickness designations as published by North American manufacturers.
Link to downloadable PDF.
Assessing the Compatibility of Glazing Materials and Components (NGA with GANA FB28-11)
This document is intended for glazing professionals or anyone with an interest in evaluating the compatibility of glazing materials and components. Note that even when compatibility is confirmed, in applications where adhesion of materials is critical for the performance of the glazing system, such adhesion must be verified independently.
Link to downloadable PDF.
Assessment of Decorative Glass Strength Properties (NGA with GANA FB42-14)
As glass design intents become more distinctive and challenging, the number of decorative glazing applications is growing. As a result, several new decorative glass solutions are now available in the market. As the glass industry finds new ways to decorate glass, this brings the question of their impact on the strength properties of the glass. This document was published in September 2014.
Link to downloadable PDF.
Benefits of Decorative Glass in Daylighting Applications (NGA with GANA FB53-17)
For as long as building construction has existed, architects and designers have recognized the power of the sun to provide natural light. In today’s modern world, the architectural and design community continue to incorporate techniques that harness natural light to create comfortable, energy-efficient and aesthetically pleasing interiors. This document was published in July 2017.
Link to downloadable PDF.
Bid Considerations for Contract Glazing Proposals (GANA BECD 02-010)
Today’s business climate requires glazing subcontractors to take steps to reduce their agreements to writing, clarify those agreements and limit their exposure. The purpose of this document is to list optional inclusions, exclusions and qualifications for glazing subcontractors to consider adopting. This is not a comprehensive list; it is a tool to assist subcontractors in evaluating their bid proposals.
Link to downloadable PDF.
Bird-Friendly Glass Design Strategies (NGA with GANA FB35-12)
Over the years the use of glass in building facades has become the norm for a variety of reasons. While there are many benefits to the use of glass on building exteriors, there is also an ecological impact which should be given consideration. According to the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service’s Migratory Bird Program, as many as one million birds die each year in collisions with man-made structures. Office buildings, particularly glass, make up the bulk of that number. To address this issue, cities across North America are adopting programs and standards to minimize bird collisions. This document was published in July 2012.
Link to downloadable PDF.
Blast Resistant Glazing (NGA with GANA FB12-07, 2018)
Blast resistant glazing can substantially reduce injury from flying glass resulting from direct blast shock waves (over-pressures). When properly designed, framed, and anchored, blast resistant laminates are capable of maintaining the integrity of the building envelope following an explosion and reducing interior damage. Although there are other mechanisms of reducing the number of glass shards that enter a facility this document deals with factory fabricated glazing with at least two pieces of glass or plastic glazing bonded together with a high performance polymer interlayer.
Link to downloadable PDF.
Bullet Resistant Glazing (GANA PGC 01-0707)
Bullet resistant glazing provides an improved safety barrier against ballistic attack. Bullet resistant glazing materials include all-glass laminates, glass-clad polycarbonate laminates, and other laminated or monolithic plastics. Typical applications include banks, currency exchanges, police stations, embassies, military installations, prisons, detention centers, government offices, and schools. This document discusses various aspects and considerations with bullet resistant glazing.
Link to downloadable PDF.
Coastal Glazing and the Turtle Codes (NGA with GANA FB36-12)
The Florida coastal built environment and other coastal states can offer breathtaking views both from the inside of buildings and from the water. The large expanses of glazing that are used in modern buildings tend to open the built environment, in an attempt to seamlessly connect it with nature. The transmittance of light from buildings onto the shoreline requires special consideration when designing and constructing along the coast as not all indigenous species, including marine turtles, fare well with bright lights. This document was published in November 2012.
Link to downloadable PDF.
Daylighting (NGA with GANA FM04-12)
Daylighting is a center-stage issue for commercial facade design. It’s recently been a much- discussed topic within the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE) 90.1 – Energy Standard for Buildings except Low-Rise Residential Buildings Envelope Subcommittee. It is a priority issue for the skylights industry. New glazing options with impressive light-to-solar-gain ratios open up new possibilities. Studies quantifying the benefits of daylight and views for student performance have spurred architects to advance the design of day lit schools. This document discusses some of the key elements of daylighting. This document was published in July 2012, and updated in 2019.
Link to downloadable PDF.
Daylighting Design Guidelines for Roof Glazing in Atrium Spaces (AAMA DDGA)
These design guidelines focus on large roof areas or atriums (30 to 90% of the roof area) for net annual energy and peak demand as the key measures of performance. It outlines a procedure for making early schematic design decisions regarding the use of relatively large areas of horizontal roof glazing in the prototype atrium configuration. Energy balance techniques are also described
Link to document.
Describing Architectural Glass Constructions (NGA with GANA FB15-07)
Architectural glass products used in commercial construction applications often incorporate multiple lites of glass with different colors, thicknesses, strength, coatings and other surface and edge treatments. The Glass Association of North America (GANA) recommends the terminology and practices for describing the construction of architectural glass products to be used in windows, doors, skylights, window walls and curtain walls contained within this document. This document was published in November 2007. This edition provides the most recent update and it was published in August 2016.
Link to downloadable PDF.
Design Considerations for Laminated Glazing Applications (GANA LD 01-1003)
Modern architectural designs often require glazing materials that provide enhanced levels of security and safety performance properties. These properties include: resistance to ballistics, blast, hurricane/cyclic wind pressures and physical attack. Applications may also require desirable properties such as sound reduction, fade resistance, and solar & thermal control. Laminated glazing materials consist of multiple plies of glass, interlayers, resins and/or plastic glazing materials (such as polycarbonate sheet or acrylic), which are often complex in nature. They are designed to provide specified levels of performance. Design professionals and building owners should be aware of the considerations contained within this document when selecting and specifying laminated glazing constructions.
Link to downloadable PDF.
Design Considerations for Use of Sealants/Adhesives with Coated Glass (NGA with GANA FB41-14)
There is a multitude of glazing material types used inside and outside of modern architectural buildings today. One type that has seen its popularity grow steadily within the last few years is the coated glass family. Coated glass can be grouped into different chemistry formulations and manufacturing methods; serving either functional and/or aesthetic purposes and used both in interior and exterior applications. The following should be considered when selecting and specifying sealants and adhesives to be used with coated glass products This document was published in August 2014.
Link to downloadable PDF.
Dynamic Glazing for High Performance Buildings (NGA with GANA FB32-11)
The exterior environment of a building envelope is subject to ever-changing environmental conditions such as wind, humidity, rain, sun and ambient temperature. One of the most significant influences on the building envelope design is the sun. The sun is composed of ultraviolet, visible and infrared light that is dynamic and constantly changing relative to the building. Designs that do not take the sun’s influence into account can subject the occupants of the building to conditions such as uncomfortable glare, solar heat gain, variable temperatures, and the early decay of fabrics, and surfaces that fade over time. This document discusses the characteristics of dynamic glazing which can mitigate against the influence of the sun. This document was first published in September 2011, and updated in 2018.
Link to downloadable PDF.
Emergency Egress Through Laminated Glazing Materials (GANA LD 02-0704)
Building codes often require, and/or modern architectural designs specify, glazing materials that provide enhanced performance levels of security and safety. These performance properties include: resistance to ballistics, blast, hurricane/cyclic wind pressures and physical attack. Glazing applications may also specify such properties as sound reduction, fade resistance, and solar and thermal control. Because laminated glazing materials are able to meet such requirements and design criteria, they are finding application in a broader range of installations than ever before. The use of laminated glazing in residential and commercial installations has led to inquiries by design professionals and specifiers regarding the reaction of public safety officials to these products. This document is intended to inform building owners, design professionals, and specifiers about emergency ingress and egress considerations when using these products.
Link to downloadable PDFe.
Engineering Standards Manual (NGA with GANA, 2019)
This publication is an updated edition of the original manual developed by the Glass Association of North America (GANA) in 2008. NGA and GANA combined into one association in February 2018. It includes current technology and standards for heat-strengthened and fully tempered glass products. This manual is designed to assist manufacturers/fabricators and users of heat-treated glass, engineers, architects, architectural specifiers and consumers.
Link to print version.
Link to downloadable PDF.
General Guidelines for Screen Printing on Flat Glass (NGA with GANA DD-DOC 0111)
Guidelines for the typical applications for appliance, automotive and architectural glass.
Link to downloadable PDF.
Glass and Glazing (AAMA GAG-1)
This guide is intended to better acquaint those in the construction industry with glass manufacturing processes, glass types and strengths, wind load resistance, breakage behavior and other mechanical and structural issues.
Link to document.
Glass and Glazing Estimating Essentials (NGA with GANA, 2018)
The Glass and Glazing Estimating Essentials bundle contains two online courses and the Glass and Glazing Estimating Essentials Manual. The Reading Plans and Blueprints online course is an introduction for professionals in the glazing industry on how to read and interpret plans and blueprints in order to identify what is needed for construction. The Introduction to Estimating online course introduces best practices in how to interpret plans for the purpose of estimating projects. The Glass and Glazing Estimating Essentials Manual is available via PDF within the online courses or can be ordered as a printed copy for an additional fee.
Link to downloadable PDF.
Link to online training course bundle.
Glass Design for Sloped Glazing (AAMA GDSG-1)
Outlines design considerations necessary for choosing the proper glass for non-residential skylight and sloped glazing applications and describes the minimum requirements for sloped glazing as specified in the major building codes.
Link to document.
Glass Floors and Stairs (GANA LD 06-1107)
Glass floors and stair treads are found in both residential and commercial settings, and are growing in popularity because of their aesthetic appeal as well as for the daylighting benefits they bring to a space. While there are manufacturers that provide engineered and tested flooring systems, most glass floor and stair tread projects require the input of a structural engineer to provide load calculations and an experienced installer to provide glazing details. Because pedestrian safety is a critical objective, the glazing in-fill must provide an acceptable level of slip resistance. If there is a possibility for inappropriate lines of sight, the glass will require greater opacity or translucency to address a concern for modesty. This document discusses several considerations for using glass in flooring and stair applications.
Link to downloadable PDF.
Glass Properties Pertaining to Photovoltaic Applications (NGA with GANA FB39-14)
Among structural materials, glass has many properties that make it uniquely suited for use in the design and fabrication of solar cells, modules, and arrays. While many different technologies are used in the engineering and science behind these solar power devices, they all have one thing in common: they convert light energy into electrical energy through what’s called the “photovoltaic effect” or PV effect for short. This document was published in November 2014
Link to downloadable PDF.
Glazing Manual (50th Anniversary Edition) (GANA)
The GANA Glazing Manual is recognized as the definitive source in the glass and glazing field. This manual includes complete information about primary and fabricated glass products, quality standards, design considerations, general and specific glazing guidelines and glazing in hazardous locations. Formerly published by the Flat Glass Marketing Association (FGMA), this manual is frequently referred to as the “industry bible.”
Link to print version.
Link to downloadable PDF.
Glossary of Terms for Color and Appearance (NGA with GANA FB17-08)
This document is a thorough representation of the terms associated with color and appearance in the application of decorative glass products. Definitions and examples are provided for over 35 terms.
Link to downloadable PDF.
Guidelines for Capillary Tubes (Joint with GANA and IGMA TB 1601-95)
While the benefits of using capillary tubes are straightforward, there are numerous issues when considering their use including:
1) Magnitude of elevation change to require use
2) IGU pressurization due to temperature difference
3) Use with insulating gases
4) IGU sizes and aspect ratios
5) Glass thickness, type and coatings
6) Glazing space thickness
7) Short term (in transit) vs. long term (installed) elevation and/or temperature changes
8) Types of edge seal construction
9) Multiple-cavity IGUs (triples, quads, etc.)
10) Proper IGU design and fabrication for use of capillary tubes
Link to downloadable PDF page.
Guidelines for Commercial Insulating Glass Dimensional Tolerances (IGMA TR-1200-83(07))
These guidelines should assist in achieving successful performance of organically-sealed insulating glass units and are not intended to limit the materials of construction, design, shape, size or other considerations of usage or exclude other possible dimensional tolerances depending upon specific circumstances.
Link to documents page.
Guidelines for Handling and Cleaning Decorative Glass (GANA DD 01-0608)
Decorative glass products have become important components of the architectural landscape. They contribute to the architecture and design requirements of interior and exterior applications for residential, commercial and industrial projects. In order to preserve the quality and integrity of decorative glass products and to ensure their long-term performance, fabricators, glazing contractors, related sub-contractors (e.g. millwork contractors) and building owners should follow appropriate procedures during handling, fabrication, installation, and cleaning. The guidelines within this document are intended to inform and assist those who fabricate, use and maintain decorative glass products.
Link to downloadable PDF.
Guidelines for IG Manufacturers; Studies of Sealant Compatibility (IGMA TB-2403-91)
These guidelines address the determination of the compatibility of glazing sealants and glazing materials with the IG unit edge seal for a particular building project specification and test methods used.
Link to documents page.
Guidelines for the Production of Heat-Treated Architectural Flat Glass (NGA with GANA FB52-17)
Heat-treated glass is used in many of today’s architectural glazing applications where increased strength to resist glass breakage is desired. The process of heat-treating glass involves uniformly heating glass close to its softening temperature and then rapidly, and uniformly, cooling it. This bulletin gives guidelines to producing heat-treated glass.
Link to downloadable PDF.
Guidelines for Sloped Glazing (IGMA TB-3001-01)
Current sloped glazing design practices require careful consideration of insulating glass unit construction to ensure long-term performance. These guidelines address types of loading, code requirements, glass design, insulating glass sealant design and glazing system design.
Link to documents page.
Guidelines for the Testing of Moisture Vapor Transmission Rate (MVTR) and the Presentation of the Results (IGMA TB-2701-95)
This bulletin provides standardized test method, sample configuration and units for reporting purposes.
Link to documents page.
Guidelines for Use of Capillary/Breather Tubes (IGMA TB-1601-95(07))
These guidelines discusses various attributes of capillary and breather tubes including advantages and disadvantages, workmanship and manufacturing considerations, storage and handling and glazing.
Link to documents page.
Heat Soaking Testing (NGA with GANA FB56-18)
Fully tempered glass used in architectural applications may break spontaneously for a variety of reasons, including, but not limited to, unperceivable imperfections or inclusions in the glass substrate. Most inclusions are stable, but some inclusions, most notably nickel sulfide, may cause a spontaneous break if it is located in the tension region. The purpose of a heat soak test is to reduce the risk of a spontaneous break by influencing the inclusion to break the glass during the test. This document was first published in 2018.
Link to downloadable PDF.
Heat-treated Laminated Glass Exposed Edges (NGA with GANA FB59-18)
The architectural glass industry has seen a growing interest in minimally-supported glass applications, including facades, skylights, interior partitions and glass balustrades. Whether the glass is glazed top and bottom, point-supported or cantilevered, the trend is for less metal around the edges of the glass. Laminated glass is being used for its ability to provide post-breakage glass retention. Designer and customer requirements for the same high quality finished edge they can consistently receive with monolithic glass are driving the industry to develop guidelines to accommodate these evolving needs; however, no such guidelines currently exist. Gain an understanding of how to meet both safety and aesthetic needs using the standards and resources available today.
Link to downloadable PDF page.
Heavy Glass Door and Entrance Systems Design Guide (NGA with GANA, 2020)
This updated edition provides authoritative technical information to designers and offers suggestions for proper applications of heavy tempered glass used in doors and entrances. The aim of this guide is to promote good design practices and adherence to appropriate structural standards in fully tempered heavy glass storefronts and entrance design. Good design and adherence to standards serve as a benefit to the architect, glass fabricator, installing contractor, and most importantly, to the end user. The contents of this manual are for the design professional’s use in review and final approval.
Link to downloadable PDF page.
Hurricane Product Substitution (GANA LD 07-0809)
Thousands of impact resistant windows, doors, and skylights have been tested and certified since Hurricane Andrew ravaged South Florida in 1992, causing billions in property damage. As a consequence of the damage inflicted by Hurricane Andrew, more stringent standards for window systems were adopted. The requirements put into place the following year called for testing of window and door systems and changes to any component–including framing materials, glazing, sealants, weather stripping, hardware and anchors typically necessitated retesting and recertification. This document discusses the many considerations for hurricane product substitution.
Link to downloadable PDF.
Insulating Glass Manufacturing Guidelines: Important Considerations (IGMA TB-1400-91)
These guidelines provide a checklist to be considered for selection and compatibility of glass, desiccant, framework, sealant(s), gas filling, quality control, packaging & shipping of finished products, capillary / breather tubes and glazing.
Link to documents page.
Insulating Glass Manufacturing Quality Procedures (IGMA TM-4000-02)
This manual provides a framework for an insulating glass manufacturer to use as the basis for a specific program geared to the unique requirements of each facility. The manual provides an outline and examples for in-plant quality control and is directed toward those areas in the manufacturing area to be measured and controlled.
Link to documents page.
Key Elements of Fenestration System Shop Drawings (NGA with GANA IN03-12)
Shop drawings are required by subcontractors, whether it is for glazing, metal panels, masonry, precast concrete, or any substrate that makes up the exterior facade of a building. The intent of this document is to focus on the key elements of shop drawings designed for detailing glass and metal curtain wall, window, skylight, and storefront installations. This bulletin presents a general checklist of items that should be included in shop drawings for fenestration systems and is presented in an “Order of Assembly” format for the documents. This document was published in July 2012.
Link to downloadable PDF.
Laminated Glass Use in Furniture (NGA with GANA FB37-12)
Glass is often used to enhance the beauty and style of furniture. It allows lighting to penetrate into the opening, provide an enhanced view of displayed objects or as a protective layer on continuously backed surfaces such as tables or as the primary loading surface in horizontal applications. Typical applications include table tops and table bases, cabinetry, and shelving. Glass can break, even if it is rated as a safety glazing and care should be taken to minimize glass-related injuries. This document discusses terms and applications for using laminated glass in furniture. This document was published in July 2012, and updated in 2019.
Link to downloadable PDF.
Laminated Glazing Reference Manual (NGA with GANA, 2019)
This publication is an updated edition of the original manual developed by the Glass Association of North American (GANA) in 2009. NGA and GANA combined into one association in February 2018. It presents useful information, technical and performance data and the installation guidelines for laminated glass products. The 2019 edition includes the latest information on laminating interlayers, as well as in-depth discussions of the applications of laminated architectural glass including: safety, solar control, ultraviolet radiation, sound control, security, sloped glazing & skylights, wind storms & hurricane resistance, and earthquake resistance. Updates on laminated glass strength, cutting, handling and installation are highlighted. This edition also features the up-to-date listing of standards applicable to laminated glass.
Link to print version.
Link to downloadable PDF.
LEED Recycled Content for Glass (NGA with GANA FM03-10)
LEED®, an acronym for “Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design,” is a rating system, developed by the U.S. Green Building Council, which serves to promote sustainable buildings, by awarding points for reducing energy use, improving indoor environmental quality and promoting a whole-building approach to sustainability. LEED® enables “Credit Points” to be earned in seven (7) categories. One of these categories, “Materials and Resources,” enables points to be earned for “Recycled Content.” The purpose of this GIB is to clarify the current requirements for recycled content claims for glass. This document was first published in April 2010. This edition of the bulletin provides the most recent update and published in October 2017.
Link to downloadable PDF.
Marking and Labeling of Architectural Laminated Glass (GANA LD 05-1006)
Modern architectural designs are requiring the installation of glazing materials that are capable of performing in multi-peril situations. These applications typically require levels of protection well beyond those of basic safety glazing. As such there has been unprecedented advancement in the types, configurations and complexities of glazing materials currently utilized in architectural applications. Because of the tremendous increase in the recognized performance of glass and other glazing, the concern over properly identified components of a fenestration assembly has also increased. Currently, there are several industry guidelines that assist the frame manufacturer in the proper labeling of framing systems, but very little guidance is available for the glazing that is placed inside the frame, referenced as the “infill”. The purpose of this informational bulletin is to provide guidance and hopefully some clarity to the various permanent marks or manufacturers designations currently being applied and/or required for the glazing infill of a fenestration assembly.
Link to downloadable PDF.
North American Glazing Guidelines for Sealed Insulating Glass Units for Commercial and Residential Use (IGMA TM-3000-90(04))
These advisory guidelines address the importance of good glazing practices and are intended for use by those who design, specify, manufacturer and install insulating glass units. These guidelines address glass types, framing, glazing clearances, setting blocks, spacer shims, glazing materials, glazing systems, receiving, storage & handling, glass protection & cleaning for both commercial and residential applications.
Link to documents page.
One Optical Number Does Not Fit All (NGA with GANA FB57-18)
The glass industry has been challenged for many years with creating an optical measurement standard for glass products and windows. Measuring glass distortion, i.e., deviation from flatness, is not a new topic. However, with tighter energy efficiency demands, more variations in glass sizes, code changes and new glazing systems have resulted in more heat-treated glass, double (and even triple) insulating glass units, and multi-ply laminates in use than ever before. All of these products may increase the amount of distortion seen on buildings. Learn more about creating an optical standard and/or number for a glass product. This document was first published in 2018.
Link to downloadable PDF.
Overview of Building Information Modeling (BIM) for Glass and Glazing Systems (NGA with GANA IN05-17)
Building Information Modeling (BIM) is an intelligent, model-based process that starts in the early stages of planning and design. It is used through construction, and can also be used throughout the operational management stages. BIM projects can display the proper graphics at different scales, represent accurate geometry, and can be rich with manufacturer product data. This bulletin was developed by the GANA Building Envelope Contractors (BEC) Division, the membership and the GANA Board of Directors. This is the original version of the document as approved and published in May 2017.
Link to downloadable PDF.
Performance Criteria for Glazing Subjected to Seismic Events (NGA with GANA FB25-09)
Shaking and twisting buildings, uplifting of the earth, people screaming, running and trying to avoid falling debris. This can be a typical scene during a damaging earthquake. Significant research has been done on the causes of earthquakes; less work has been done on how to keep buildings intact and functioning during these events. Engineers and architects must follow code requirements for the structural performance of buildings in seismic zones. This glass information bulletin focuses on the use of glass and glazing as non-structural components installed in buildings in seismic-prone areas. This document was first published in August 2009; it was republished in 2017.
Link to downloadable PDF.
Physical and Mechanical Properties of Typical Soda Lime Float Glass (NGA with GANA FM05-12)
Glass is a brittle material. It will act elastically until it fractures at ultimate load. That ultimate load will vary, depending upon the type and duration of the loads applied and the distribution, orientation and severity of the inhomogeneties and micro-flaws that exist in the surface of the glass. Because of this nature, glass cannot be engineered in the same way as other building envelope materials that have a predictable, specific strength. In those cases, factors can be (and are) assigned to help assure that breakage does not occur at the selected design load.
Link to downloadable PDF.
PIB Primary Sealant (Joint with IGMA and NGA with GANA TB1250-19)
This document discusses the function of PIB primary sealants in insulating glass units (IGU), specifically looking at the performance and aesthetic attributes of Polyisobutylene (PIB).
Link to downloadable PDF.
Point Supported Glass (NGA with GANA FB07-05, 2019)
Architectural glass that is monolithic, laminated, or insulating has traditionally been supported by capturing the edges of the glass. As architects have expressed their desire to make the walls of the buildings even more transparent, engineers have developed methods of reducing the size of the supporting structures. In recent years, especially in Europe, it has been increasingly popular to attach the glass to the structure using bolted fittings directly connected through holes in the glass. These fittings allow improved transparency and offer additional architectural opportunities in the detailing of the bolted connections. This document discusses this type of glass application.
Link to downloadable PDF.
Preventing Insulating Glass Failures (IGMA TM-4100-03)
This manual provides insulating glass manufacturers with best practice recommendations and guidelines to use for testing, fabrication, packaging, shipment and glazing of insulating glass units to assist in achieving long term performance and to minimize seal failure using existing technology for edge seal design along with selection of sealants, desiccants, spacers, gases, glass and other components used for the manufacture of insulating glass.
Link to documents page.
Project Manager’s Reference Manual (NGA with GANA, 2018)
This publication is an updated edition of the original manual developed by the Glass Association of North America (GANA) in 2005. NGA and GANA combined into one association in February 2018. It serves as a reference for project managers within the glass and glazing industry who have a minimum of one year’s experience. It covers everything from considerations in how to set up a project through the details of a successful project closeout. It is not meant to provide an exhaustive list, but to serve as a starting point for project manager training. It is the responsibility of the users of this manual to ensure that project managers comply with all relevant laws, rules, regulations, standards and other requirements, particularly contract obligations.
Link to print version.
Link to downloadable PDF.
Proper Procedures for Fabrication of Flat Glass Mirrors (GANA MD 02-0209
Silvered flat glass mirror products can be fabricated to provide additional aesthetic appeal such as beveled edges and surface accents. As additional fabrication features are applied, is it critical to ensure proper fabrication conditions and techniques are utilized in order to protect and maintain the integrity of the mirror backing and edges and to reduce the chances of black edge developing. When fabricating silvered flat glass mirror products, the members of the Mirror Division of the Glass Association of North American (GANA) recommend consideration of the guidelines provided in this document.
Link to downloadable PDF.
Quench Patterns in Heat-Treated Architectural Glass (NGA with GANA FB07-05, 2019)
Glass used in architecture today commonly includes clear and tinted glass substrates, low-emissivity and solar-control coatings, decorative ceramic-frit patterns and safety glazing considerations that require glass to be heat-treated. Heat-strengthened and fully tempered glass is designed to meet increased thermal and mechanical stresses, or other specified physical criteria. As a result of the heat-treating fabrication process, quench patterns/marks or what is often referred to as a “strain pattern,” may become visible in heat-strengthened and fully tempered glass under certain natural or polarized lighting conditions. This document discusses these patterns.
Link to downloadable PDF.
Recommended Applications for Heat-Treated Architectural Glass (NGA with GANA FB45-14)
The glass industry has been heat treating architectural glass to increase its strength since about 1930. The process of heat- treating glass involves uniformly heating glass close to its softening temperature and then rapidly, and uniformly, cooling it. This process results in the development of surface compressive stresses, thus increasing the strength of the glass. Heat-treated glass is used in many of today’s architectural glazing applications where increased strength to resist glass breakage is desired. Vision and spandrel areas of buildings as well as building entrances, glass railings and balustrades, and other applications where public safety is a priority, are common examples. This document was published in January 2014 and updated in May 2019.
Link to downloadable PDF.
Recommended Voluntary In-Plant Test Methods and Performance Criteria of Desiccants for Sealed Insulating Glass Units (IGMA TM-2100-78(81))
These advisory guidelines address the importance of good glazing practices and are intended for use by those who design, specify, manufacturer and install insulating glass units. These guidelines address glass types, framing, glazing clearances, setting blocks, spacer shims, glazing materials, glazing systems, receiving, storage & handling, glass protection & cleaning for both commercial and residential applications.
Link to documents page.
Screening Out UV Radiation with Laminated Glass (NGA with GANA FB34-12)
Furniture, fabrics, and other interior fixtures, as well as valuable paintings and papers, will fade over time. The main contributors to fading are ultraviolet (UV) radiation, visible light, absorbed heat and moisture. Most laminated glass interlayers are formulated to screen out UV radiation below 380 nanometers (nm). The UV filtering characteristics in the laminate interlayer enable laminated glass to reduce the rate of fading and deterioration of these materials. This document was first published in February 2012, and updated in 2018.
Link to downloadable PDF.
Sealant Manual (GANA, 2008)
The new GANA Sealant Manual provides guidelines for the selection and application of sealants used in exterior and interior glass and glazing installations. Manual sections include causes of sealant failures, structural glazing and glazing accessories.
Link to print version.
Link to downloadable PDF.
Sealant Manufacturers Minimum Sealant Dimensions and Placement Survey (IGMA TB-1201-89(05))
This technical bulletin includes a chart of dual seal, hot melt extruded, single seal and Intercept™ spacers for silicone, hot melt, polysulfide, polyurethane and curing hot melt. This document includes depth of primary & secondary sealant, beneath spacer, total siteline, shoulder, thickness and thickness before press.
Link to documents page.
Skylights and Sloped Glazing Are Not Walking Surfaces (GANA LD 04-0306)
The use of skylights and sloped glazing systems continues to grow in popularity as architects and building owners use these fenestration systems to bring natural daylight further into homes, schools, medical facilities, commercial offices and retail stores. In order to ensure human safety and long-term performance of skylights and sloped glazing systems, construction workers, maintenance professionals and others must be aware that the systems typically are not designed or intended to be used as walking surfaces. This document discusses safety concerns with walking on these types of surfaces.
Link to downloadable PDF.
Structural Properties of Glass (AAMA CW-12)
This publication offers current technical information on the structural properties of glass and provides guidance on the selection and use of architectural glass.
Link to document.
Structural Sealant Glazing Systems (AAMA CW-13)
This is a design guide for the three basic structural silicone sealant glazing systems: 1) all glass, 2) strip window and 3) total wall. It provides information on the glass, metal framing members and silicone sealant.
Link to document.
Structural Silicone Glazing (SSG) Design Guidelines (SSGDG-1)
This guide describes proper guidelines and glazing procedures for structural glazing.
Link to document.
Test Methods of Insulating Glass Sealants (IGMA TM-2400-76(90))
This manual covers types of sealants, application test methods for sealant type, tables of test conditions to standardize temperature, mixing and volume conditions and specific tests.
Link to documents page.
The Importance of Fabrication Prior to Heat-Treatment (GANA TD 04-1207)
Glass applications frequently require a variety of glass edge and/or surface fabrication. Some common fabrication processes include edge seaming, grinding, and polishing; hole drilling and notch cutting; and surface grooving, sand-blasting, and etching. GANA recommends against glass fabrication after heat treatment because it may weaken the glass and/or cause it to break. This document discusses why.
Link to downloadable PDF.
Thermal Stress in Heat-Treated Spandrel Applications (NGA with GANA FB62-19)
Spandrel glass is glass that has been rendered near opaque and glazed in wall areas covering structural columns, floors, walls, or other building elements that are intended to be concealed from outside view. Increasing standards of energy efficient initiatives are placing unique and unanticipated demands on spandrel glazing. Recently, attention has been drawn to several incidents in which spandrel glass has experienced solar-induced thermal stress breakage. This document discusses the phenomenon of thermal stress build-up, the factors that contribute to it and potential mitigation options.
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Top 10 Items Commonly Missing from Fenestration System Shop Drawings (NGA with GANA IN01-06, 2020)
Shop drawings, for glass and aluminum windows, curtain walls and skylights, must document and detail all requirements of design parameters, material ordering, fabrication and erection. Failure to properly document these requirements can result in numerous errors and project delays. In order to provide a reminder of key elements of successful shop drawings, members of the GANA Building Envelope Contractors (BEC) Division developed this list of the Top Ten items commonly missing from fenestration systems shop drawings.
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Tornado Resistant Glazing: Standards and Performance Requirements (NGA with GANA FB61-19)
The 2015 edition of the International Building Code (IBC) includes requirements for storm shelters, typically associated with tornado- and hurricane-prone areas where high winds occur. These shelters can be detached from a building or contained as safe rooms within a building to provide a safe refuge for people. Requirements for storm shelter testing in hurricane-prone areas differ significantly from the requirements for shelters in tornado-prone areas. This document focuses on the use of impact glazing in the latter. This document was published in March 2019.
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Understanding Reflected Solar Energy of Glazing Systems in Buildings (NGA with GANA FB60-18)
The study of light is subjective in some specific aspects, like color and glare, but very objective in aspects like direction and reflection. Basic optics laws tell us that when a light ray travels in a medium and finds a glass surface, for example, part of the incident ray is reflected and the rest is transmitted to the other side of the glass. Depending on glass characteristics and some other factors, the light transmitted exhibits a different range of phenomena such as heat-gain. This document provides education on design considerations to reduce the possible effects of the reflective characteristics of exterior cladding materials and glazing systems used in building construction. This document was published in October 2018.
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Use of Laminated Glass in Glass Railing Systems (NGA with GANA FB33-11)
Glass railing systems are used in a variety of residential and commercial settings for safety and the beauty glass adds to a structure. Laminated glass offers a variety of design options: the interlayer can be clear, tinted, or custom printed. The glass can be flat or curved, fully supported or minimally supported with bolts or clamps. Laminated glass offers a significant benefit over monolithic glass used in railings; namely, if breakage occurs, glass particles will adhere to the laminate interlayer increasing the likelihood of glass retention in the system. This bulletin was developed by the GANA Laminating Division and by the membership and the GANA Board of Directors. The original version of the document as approved and published in March 2011. This version was re-published in May 2013 and April 2017.
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Vacuum Insulating Glazing, An Introduction (NGA with GANA FB66-20)
The document provides an overview of vacuum insulating glazing, its applications, energy and acoustic performance, capabilities, testing and standards and a glossary of terms.
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Voluntary Guidelines for the Identification of Visual Obstructions in the Airspace of Insulating Glass Units (IGMA TM-3100-09)
These advisory guidelines may assist in the determination of unintended visual obstructions in the insulating glass unit airspace.
Link to documents page.
Voluntary Test Methods & Voluntary performance Quality Assurance Criteria for Spacers for Sealed Insulating Glass Units (IGMA TM-2000-76(82))
This manual includes information of test specimens, recommended voluntary test and performance quality assurance criteria for hollow shaped spacers to accept edge sealant to minimize air leakage between the spacer and the glass.
Link to documents page.
Voluntary Test Methods & Voluntary Performance Quality Assurance Criteria for Two Component Polysulfide Sealants Used in Manufacturing Sealed Insulating Glass Units (IGMA TM-2301-85)
This manual includes information of test specimens, recommended voluntary test and performance quality assurance criteria with typical values based on laboratory test results, and various test methods.
Link to documents page.
Voluntary Test Methods for Chemical Effects of Glazing Compounds on Elastomeric Edge Seals (IGMA TR-1000-75(91))
This test method covers the procedure for an oven-type test of sample 6” X 6” insulating glass units exposed to glazing compounds or other materials which could contact units on the unbranded elastomeric edge seal.
Link to documents page.
Weight of Laminated Architectural Glass (GANA LD 08-0909)
Design professionals, wall system manufacturers, and construction managers often need the weight of materials for engineering and construction site considerations. The tables contained in this document provide approximate weights of interlayer used in laminated architectural flat glass by North American manufacturers.
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White Paper on the Relevance of Decorative Glass Products to the U. S. Green Building Council Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design Green Building Rating System™ (GANA)
The intent of this White Paper is to address areas of the U.S. Green Building Council’s Leadership in Energy & Environmental Design (LEED®) Rating System that are relevant to the use of Decorative Glass. This document describes the ways in which decorative glass products are consistent with the intent of the LEED® Rating System. Although individual building products do not in themselves constitute conformance to the LEED® criteria, depending on the amount and type of glass used in a project, this versatile material has great potential to help achieve LEED® credits. The information contained in this paper has been developed using general or typical information on various decorative glass products. More specific information and performance data can be obtained through individual manufacturers that produce decorative glass products.
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Window Glazing for Durability (Residential) (IGMA)
This CD video addresses window glazing for residential applications.
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